Bones

What are Bones?

Bones are calcified connective tissue forming the major portion of the skeleton of most vertebrates. There are about 206 bones in your body. Bones contain more calcium than any other organ. A good source of calcium can be found in milk, yogurt, eggs, nuts and whole grains.

Bones begin to develop before birth. When the skeleton first forms, it is made of flexible cartilage, but within a few weeks it begins the process of ossification. Ossification is a process where cartilage is replaced by hard deposits of calcium phosphate and stretchy collagen. It takes about 20 years for ossification to be completed.

Bones are made of two types of tissue:

1. Spongy inner layer called cancellous bone. Spongy bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone.
2. Hard outer layer called cortical (compact) bone.

Bones can be donated and transplanted.

Function of bones

The major functions of bones are:

• provide a strong barrier that protects the inner organs
• support your body against the constant pull of gravity
• produce blood cells (the marrow inside of bones produce blood cells)
• allow you to move
• store important minerals

What are bones made of?

Bones are made of protein, minerals, and vitamins. Minerals present in bones are: calcium, potassium, manganese, magnesium, silica, iron, zinc, selenium, boron, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, and dozens of others. In order for bones to absorb the minerals, vitamin D must be present in the diet.

Disease of bones

Some bone diseases are: osteoporosis and arthritis.

Common Injuries of bones

The most common bone injury is a fracture. A fracture is a break in the bone.

4 Keys to Healthy Bones

1. Good nutrition for your mother while pregnant with you.
2. Good nutrition for you during the formation of your bones.
3. Monthly menses throughout your fertile years, especially before 30.
4. Consistent practice of yoga, tai chi, or any strengthening, flexibility-building discipline.

What are Joints?

Joints are places where two bones meet each other. They make the skeleton flexible. Without them, movement would be impossible.

Flexible joints have a lining of cartilage on top of the bones. Ligaments join bones together and help make the joint stable.

Importance of cartilage in joints

Cartilage is a strong substance that allows the joint surfaces to move easily. It helps limit wear and tear on the joints?

Common joint injuries

The most common joint injury is a joint dislocation. A joint dislocates when the ends of bones are forced from their normal position. Dislocations are often caused by falls. They are serious and require immediate medical attention. Common joint dislocations occur in: shoulder, hips, and fingers.

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